Page 44 - CatalogNEP-LS

Bot.424 Biotechnology and Bioinformatics 3+1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

Acquaint students to the principles, practices andwith various approaches of conducting genetic
engineering and their applications in biological research as well as in biotechnology industries.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

On completion of this course, students should be endowed with strong theoretical knowledge of
biotechnology and bioinformatics and is able to take up biological research with better
understanding.

THEORY (45 Hours)

UNIT – I (15 Hours)
Basic biomolecular concepts: central dogma; DNA replication semi-conservative, Transcription
and RNA Processing in Eukaryotic Cells, Expression of genetic information: from Transcription
to Translation - Genetic code, Decoding the codons: the role of transfer RNAs. Genetic
Engineering: Enzymes useful in molecular cloning: Restriction endonuclease, DNA ligases,
polynucleotide kinase, klenow enzyme, DNA Polymerase- I, reverse transcriptase, alkaline
phosphatase, terminal nucleotidyltransferase; Molecular markers - Restriction based and PCR
based: RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, ISSR, SNP, SSR; Marker-assisted selection - strategies for
introducing genes of biotic and abiotic stress resistance in plants: genetic basis for disease
resistance in animals; molecular diagnostics of pathogens in plants and animals; Cloning Vectors -
Plasmids ( pBR 322, pUC), Vectors for Plant and Animal Cells, Shuttle Vectors, YAC Vectors,
Expression Vectors Recombinant DNA technology; Labeling nucleic acids and blotting
techniques (Southern, Northern, Western, Zooblot); transformation; Polymerase Chain Reaction
and its applications;DNA fingerprinting-principles and applications.

UNIT – II (12 Hours)
Genetic engineering: Gene transfer methods-Biological, physical, chemical;Agrobacterium-plant
interaction; virulence; Ti and Ri plasmids; opines and their significance; T-DNA transfer;
disarmed Ti plasmid; Genetic transformation - Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery;
cointegrate and binary vectors and their utility; direct gene transfer - PEG-mediated,
electroporation; characterization of transgenics; concept of plants as biofactories
UNIT – III (12Hours )

Transgenic manipulation of animal embryos; applications of transgenic animal technology; animal
cloning - basic concept, cloning for conservation for conservation endangered species;
Vaccinology: history of development of vaccines, introduction to the concept of vaccines,
conventional methods of animal vaccine production, recombinant approaches to vaccine
production, modern vaccines.
UNIT – IV (6 Hours)

Overview of genomics – definition, complexity, and classification; need for genomics level
analysis; methods of analyzing genome at various levels – DNA, RNA, protein, metabolites and
phenotype; genome projects and bioinformatics resources for genome research – databases;
overview of forward and reverse genetics for assigning function for genes
RNAi, CRISPR-CAS; History of its discovery, elucidation of the mechanism including
introduction to all the molecular players, development of applications for in vivo genome

29