Page 40 - CatalogNEP-LS

structure and functions; Embryo-endosperm relationship; Nutrition of embryo; Unusual features;
Embryo development in Paeonia. Seed structure, importance and dispersal mechanisms.
UNIT-4: (10 Hours)

Self incompatibility, Polyembryony and apomixis Basic concepts (interspecific, intraspecific,
homomorphic, heteromorphic, GSI and SSI); Methods to overcome self- incompatibility: mixed
pollination, bud pollination, stub pollination; Polyembryony and Apomixis: Introduction;
Classification; Causes and applications.

PRACTICAL(30 Hours)

Study of microsporogenesis and gametogenesis in sections of anthers.
1. Examination of modes of anther dehiscence and collection of pollen grains for
microscopic examination (maize, grasses, Cannabis sativa, Crotolaria, Tradescantia,
Brassica, Petunia,Solanum melongena etc.)
2. Tests for pollen viability using stains and in vitro germination. Pollen germination using
hanging drop and sitting drop cultures, suspension culture and surface culture.
3. Study of ovules in cleared preparations; study of monosporic, bisporic and tetrasporic
types of embryo sac development and embryos through examination of permanent stained
serial sections
4. Field study of several types of flowers with different pollination mechanisms (Wind
pollination, Bee / butterfly pollination, Bird pollination).

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Bhojwani, S.S. and Bhatnagar, S.P. (2011). The Embryology of Angiosperms, Vikas
Publishing House. Delhi. 5th edition.
2. Johri, B.M. l (1984). Embryology of Angiosperms, Springer-Verlag, Netherlands.
3. Shivanna, K.R. (2003). Pollen Biology and Biotechnology. Oxford and IBH PublishingCo.
Pvt. Ltd. Delhi.
4. Raghavan, V. (2000). Developmental Biology of Flowering plants, Springer, Netherlands

HIGER & APPLIED AREA MINOR COURSES:

Bot.414 Cytogenetics 3+1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

The primary objective of this course is -
 The very purpose of this course is to acquaint the students with cell cycle and architecture
of chromosome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their gene regulation
 This course aims to impart knowledge of various mechanisms of cell functioning.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

This course will enable the students to:
 Get well acquaint with the concept of cell and related functioning and its genetics.

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