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General account of Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and anamorphic fungi.

               UNIT-III                                                                            (9 Hours)
               Tissue  systems  in  Fungi.  Types  of  Centrum  development  in  Ascomycota.  Heterokaryosis  and
               Parasexuality. Mycorrhizal application in agriculture and plant growth.
               UNIT-IV                                                                            (12 Hours)

               Nomenclature, classification, morphology, translocation and distribution in host plants, infection,
               replication  and  transmission  of  plant  viruses.  Nomenclature,  classification,  structure,
               reproduction, nutrition and economic importance of Eubacteria.

               UNIT-V                                                                              (9 Hours)
               General  account  of  Archaebacteria.  Brief  account  of  MLOs,  Spiroplasma,  Viroids  and
               Mycoviruses.

               PRACTICAL (30 Hours)

                   1.  Study  of  morphological  and  reproductive  structures  of  following  genera:
                       MYXOMYCOTA:  Stemonitis,  Physarum.  OOMYCOTA:  Saprolegnia,  Albugo,
                       Peronospora,  Phytophthora,  Bremia.  CHYTIDRIOMYCOTA:  Synchitrium,  Allomyces,
                       Blastocladia.  ZYGOMYCOTA:  Mucor,  Rhizopus,  Pilobolus.  ASCOMYCOTA:
                       Protomyces, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Claviceps, Phyllactinia, Xylaria, Morchella, Peziza
                       BASIDIOMYCOTA: Puccinia, Melampsora, Agaricus, Ustilago, Polyporus, Ganoderma,
                       Cyathus,  Hydnum,  Geasterum.  ANAMORPHIC  FUNGI:  Fusarium,  Cercospora,
                       Colletotrichum, Alternaria, Helminthosporium.
                   2.  Preparation of media to isolate fungi, bacteria and other microbes.
                   3.  Isolation  of  Rhizobium from  legume  root  nodules.  4.  Sensitivity  tests  of  bacteria  using
                       different antibiotics.


               SUGGESTED READINGS:

                   1.  Alexopolous, C.J., C.W. Mims and M. Blackwell. Introductory Mycology. 4 th Ed. John
                       Wiley & Sons, New York. 880 pp. 2007.
                   2.  Webster, J. and Webes R. Introduction to Fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
                       3rd Edition, 2007.
                   3.  Bos, L. Introduction to Plant Virology. Longman, New York. 160 pp. 1992



               Bot.421                   Pteridophytes                                                   3+1

               LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

               The primary objective of this course is:
                     To  familiarize  students  with  the  diversity  of  Pteridophytes  (both  ferns  and  fern  allies),
                       their evolutionary history and origin, economic importance, classification, detailed study
                       on the representative ferns of major families with reference to their morphology, anatomy,
                       and reproduction.
                     Exposure of students to fern flora in the surrounding areas and botanical garden








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