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Chem.321 Chemical Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry 3+1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

The learning objectives: of this course are as follows:

• To provide basic knowledge about the heat changes taking place during various chemical
and physical changes.
• To familiarise the students about the basic concepts of electrical conductivity.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

By the end of this course, students will be able to:
 apply the fundamental concepts of energy changes taking place in the universe
 Understand the phenomena involved in conductance measurements and its applications.
UNIT-I: (10Hours)

Chemical Thermodynamics: Review of thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics,
statement, definition of internal energy and enthalpy. Heat capacity, heat capacities at constant
volume and pressure and their relationship. Joule‘s law, Joule-Thomson coefficient, and inversion
temperature. Calculation of w, q, dU & dH for the expansion of ideal gases under isothermal and
adiabatic conditions for reversible process.
Thermochemistry: Standard state, standard enthalpy of formation- Hess‘s Law of heat summation
and its applications. Heat of reaction at constant pressure and at constant volume. Enthalpy of
neutralization. Bond dissociation energy and its calculation from thermo-chemical data,
temperature dependence of enthalpy. Kirchhoff‘s equation.
Thermodynamics-II: Second law of thermodynamics: Need for the law, different statements of the
law. Carnot cycle and its efficiency. Carnot theorem. Thermodynamic scale of temperature.
Statement of Third Law of thermodynamics and calculation of absolute entropies of substances.
UNIT-II: (8 Hours)

Chemical Equilibrium: Equilibrium constant and free energy. Thermodynamic derivation of law
of mass action. Le Chatelier‘s principle Reaction isotherm and reaction isochore- Clapeyron
equation and Clausius – Clapeyron equation, applications.

UNIT-III: (12Hours)
Ionic Equilibria: Strong, moderate, and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting
degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and
bases, pH scale, common ion effect. Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of
hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions. Solubility and solubility product of
sparingly soluble salts, applications of solubility product principle.
UNIT-IV: (6 Hours)

Conductance: Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity, and their variation with dilution
for weak and strong electrolytes. Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions.
Transference number and its experimental determination using Hittorf and Moving boundary
methods. Ionic mobility. Applications of conductance measurements: determination of degree of
ionization of weak electrolyte, solubility and solubility products of sparingly soluble salts, ionic
product of water, hydrolysis constant of a salt. Conductometric titrations (only acid-base).

UNIT-V: (9 Hours)

Electrochemistry: Reversible and irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of
EMF of a cell. Nernst equation and its importance. Types of electrodes. Standard electrode

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