Page 103 - CatalogNEP-PS

 To teach the students about fundamental chemical reactions of organic compounds.
 To provide information about synthesis of various useful organic compounds and their
derivatives.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

By the end of this course, students will be able to:
• Understand the differential behaviour of organic compounds.
• Formulate the mechanism of organic reactions by correlating the fundamental properties of
reactants.

THEORY (45 Hours)

UNIT-I: (8 Hours)

Alkyl and Aryl Halides:
Alkyl Halides(Upto 5 Carbons)Types Nucleophilic Substitution(SN 1andSN 2 ) reactions. and SNi)
reactions.
Preparation: from alkenes and alcohols.
Reactions: hydrolysis, nitrite & nitro formation, nitrile & isonitrile formation. Williamson‘s ether
synthesis: Elimination vs substitution.
Aryl Halides: Preparation: (Chloro, bromo and iodo-benzene): from phenol, Sandmeyer &
Gattermann reactions.
Reactions (Chlorobenzene): Aromatic nucleophilic substitution (replacement by –OH group) and
effect of nitro substituent. Benzyne Mechanism: KNH 2/NH 3 (or NaNH 2/NH 3).
Reactivity and Relative strength of C-Halogen bond in alkyl, allyl, benzyl, vinyl and aryl halides.
UNIT-II: (14 Hours)

о
о
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (Upto 5 Carbons): Alcohols: Preparation: Preparation of 1 , 2 and
о
3 alcohols: using Grignard reagent, Ester hydrolysis, Reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic
acid and esters.
Reactions: With sodium, HX (Lucas test), esterification, oxidation (with PCC, alk. KMnO 4, acidic
dichromate, conc. HNO 3). Oppeneauer oxidation. Diols: (Upto 6 Carbons) oxidation of diols.
Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement.
Phenols: (Phenol ) Preparation: Cumene hydroperoxide method, from diazonium salts.
Reactions: Electrophilic substitution: Nitration, halogenation and sulphonation. Reimer-Tiemann
Reaction, Gattermann-Koch Reaction, Houben– Hoesch Condensation, Schotten – Baumann
Reaction.
Ethers (aliphatic and aromatic): Cleavage of ethers with HI.
Aldehydes and ketones (aliphatic and aromatic): (Formaldehye, acetaldehyde, acetone and
benzaldehyde)
Preparation: from acid chlorides and from nitriles.
Reactions – Reaction with HCN, ROH, NaHSO 3, NH 2-G derivatives. Iodoform test. Aldol
Condensation, Cannizzaro‘s reaction, Wittig reaction, Benzoin condensation. Clemensen
reduction and Wolff Kishner reduction. Meerwein-Pondorff Verley reduction.

UNIT-III: (6 Hours)
Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be studied in
context to their structure.Carboxylic acids and their derivatives: Carboxylic acids (aliphatic and
aromatic) Preparation: Acidic and Alkaline hydrolysis of esters.Reactions: Hell – Vohlard -
Zelinsky Reaction.
Carboxylic acid derivatives (aliphatic): (Upto 5 carbons):
Preparation: Acid chlorides, Anhydrides, Esters and Amides from acids and their interconversion.

88