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potential.  Electrochemical  series.  Thermodynamics  of  a  reversible  cell,  calculation  of
               thermodynamic properties: ΔG, ΔH and ΔS from EMF data. Calculation of equilibrium constant
               from EMF data. Concentration cells with transference and without transference. Liquid junction
               potential and salt bridge. pH determination using hydrogen electrode and quinhydrone electrode.
               Potentiometric titrations -qualitative treatment (acid-base and oxidation-reduction only).


               PRACTICAL (30 Hours)

                 1.  Thermochemistry
                   i)     Determination of Water Equivalent of a thermos flask.
                   ii)    Determination of heat of solution of KNO3 and KCl.
                   iii)   Determine the enthalpy of neutralization between strong acid and strong base.
                   iv)    Determine the enthalpy of neutralization between strong acid and weak base.
                   v)     Determine the enthalpy of hydration of CuSO4.
                   vi)    Determine  the  enthalpy  of  neutralization  of  a  weak  acid/weak  base  versus  strong
                          base/strong acid
                 2.  pH measurements
                    Preparation of buffer solutions:
                   i)     Sodium acetate-acetic acid
                   ii)    Ammonium Chloride and Ammonium Hydroxide
                 3.  Conductance:
                   i)     Determination of cell constant
                   ii)    Determination  of  equivalent  conductance,  degree  of  dissociation  and  dissociation
                          constant of a weak acid.
                   iii)   Perform the following conductometric titrations:
                   iv)    Strong acid vs. strong base
                   v)     Weak acid vs. strong base

               SUGGUESTED READINGS:

                   1.  Principles of Physical Chemistry by Puri, Sharma and Pathania.
                   2.  Physical Chemistry by S.C. Khetarpal, G.S, Sharma and R.K. Kalia.
                   3.  Modren‘s Approach to Physical Chemistry by S. Kiran.
                   4.  A text Book of Physical Chemistry by K.K. Sharma and I.K. Sharma
                   5.  Physical Chemistry by P.N. Kapil and S.K. Guglani.
                   6.  Elements of Physical Chemistry by Puri, Sharma and Pathania.



               DISCIPLINE ELECTIVE COURSES:



               Chem.212                   Basic Quantum Chemistry and Photochemistry                     3+1

               LEARNING OBJECTIVES:


               The learning objectives: of this course are as follows:

                      To  familiarize  the  students  about  structure  of  atoms  and  molecules  in  light  of  quantum
                        theory.
                       To learn about interaction between light radiations and matter.

               LEARNING OUTCOMES:


               By the end of this course, students will be able to:

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