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viscosity and reduced viscosity of a solution, comparison of the origin of viscosity of liquids and
gases, effect of temperature on the viscosity of a liquid and its comparison with that of a gas.

UNIT – III (6 Hours)
Solids: Forms of solids. Symmetry elements, unit cells, crystal systems, Bravais lattice types and
identification of lattice planes. Laws of Crystallography- Law of constancy of interfacial angles,
Law of rational indices. Miller indices. X-Ray diffraction by crystals, Bragg‘s law. Structures of
NaCl, KCl and CsCl (qualitative treatment only). Defects in crystals. Glasses and liquid crystals.

UNIT – IV (9 Hours)
Chemical Kinetics: The concept of reaction rates. Effect of temperature, pressure, catalyst and
other factors on reaction rates. Order and molecularity of a reaction. Derivation of integrated rate
equations for zero, first and second order reactions (both for equal and unequal concentrations of
reactants). Half-life of a reaction. General methods for determination of order of a reaction.
Concept of activation energy and its calculation from Arrhenius equation. Theories of Reaction
Rates: Collision theory and Activated Complex theory of bimolecular reactions. Comparison of
the two theories (qualitative treatment only).

PRACTICAL (30 Hours)

1. Surface tension measurements using stalagmometer
a. Determine the surface tension of a liquid by drop number method.
b. Determine the surface tension of a liquid by drop weight method.
2. Viscosity measurement using Ostwald‘s viscometer
a. Determination of co-efficient of viscosity of unknown aqueous solution.
b. Study the variation of viscosity with different concentration of sugar solutions.
c. Study the effect of the addition of solutes such as (i) polymer (ii) ethanol (iii)
sodium chloride on the viscosity of water at room temperature and explain the
observations in terms of molecular interactions
d. Study the variation of viscosity of water with the amounts of a solute and calculate
the intrinsic viscosity at room temperature.
3. Study the kinetics of the following reactions:
a. Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid.
b. Saponification of ethyl acetate.
c. Compare the strengths of HCl / H 2SO 4 by studying kinetics of hydrolysis of methyl
acetate.

SUGGUESTED READINGS:

1. Atkins, P.W.; Paula, J.de. (2014), Atkin‘s Physical Chemistry Ed., 10th Edition, Oxford
University Press.
2. Ball, D. W. (2017), Physical Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Cengage Learning, India.
3. Castellan, G. W. (2004), Physical Chemistry, 4th Edition, Narosa.
4. Kapoor, K.L. (2015), A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Vol 1, 6th Edition, McGraw Hill
Education.
5. Moore, W.J. (1972), Physical Chemistry, 5th Edition, Longmans Green & Co. Ltd.
6. Glasstone, S. (1948), Textbook of Physical Chemistry, D. Van Nostrand company, New
York.
7. Khosla, B.D.; Garg, V.C.; Gulati, A. (2015), Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand
& Co, New Delhi.
8. Kapoor, K.L. (2019), A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Vol.7, 1st Edition, McGraw Hill
Education.

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