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Reptiles: General features and Classification up to orders; Mesozoic reptiles; Poisonous and non-
               poisonous snakes, Poison apparatus and biting mechanism in snakes. Aves: General features and
               Classification up to orders; Flight adaptations and mechanism in birds Mammals: General features
               and Classification up to orders; Origin of mammals.


               PRACTICAL(30 Hours)

                   1.  Study  of  the  following  specimens:Herdmania,  Branchiostoma,  Petromyzon,  Sphyrna,
                       Pristis,  Torpedo,  Labeo,  Exocoetus,  Anguilla,  Ichthyophis/  Ureotyphlus,  Salamandra,
                       Bufo,                                  Hyla,                                   Chelone,
                       Hemidactylus,Chamaeleon,Draco,Vipera,Naja,Crocodylus,Gavialis.Any six common birds
                       from different orders; Sorex, Bat, Funambulus, Loris,Lemur,Primates
                   2.  Types of scales of fishes
                   3.  An "animal album" containing photographs, cut outs, with appropriate write up about the
                       above-mentioned Taxa. Different taxa/ topics may be given to different students for this
                       purpose.


               SUGGESTED READINGS:

                    1.  Young, J. Z. (2004). The Life of Vertebrates. III Edition. Oxford university press.
                    2.  Modern Text Book of Zoology-Vertebrates by-R.L. Kotpal, Rastogi Publications
                    3.  Modern‘sZoology  Vol.  I-  Vertebrate  Zoology  by  –Ashok  Sabharwal  and  Dr.  S.K.
                        Malhotra
                    4.  Young, J.Z. (2004). The Life of Vertebrates. III Edition, Oxford University Press.
                    5.  Parker T.J. and Haswell W.A. (1972). Text book of Zoology Vertebrates. VII Edition,
                        Volume II.



               Zoo.211                   Animal Physiology                                               3+1


               LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

               The primary objective of this course is -
                     The course will provide a thorough understanding of the normal body function and helps
                       to determine the cause of disease.
                     It will enable the development of new and more effective treatments and guidelines for
                       maintaining good health.
                      It will equip the students with an ability to pursue career in medical and healthcare sector,
                       pharmaceuticals, and other related areas.


               LEARNING OUTCOMES:

               This course will enable the students to:
                     Appreciate human physiology and have its enhanced knowledge.
                     Recognize and identify principal tissue structures and functions
                     Understand  the  functions  of  important  physiological  systems  including  the  nervous
                       system, muscular system, endocrine and reproductive system
                     Learn an integrative approach to understand how these separate systems interact to yield
                       integrated  physiological  responses  to  maintain  homeostasis  in  the  body  along  with
                       feedback mechanisms.




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