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8.  Study of human genetic traits: Sickle cell anemia, Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Albinism, red-
                    green Colour blindness, Widow‘s peak, Rolling of tongue, Hitchhiker‘s thumb and Attached
                    ear lobe.


               SUGGESTED READINGS:

                 1.  Russel P. J. (2010). Genetics- A Molecular Approach, Pearson Education Inc.
                 2.  Gardner E. J., Simmons M. J., Snustad D. P. (1991). Principles of Genetics, John Wiley &
                    Sons.
                 3.  Strickberger M.W. (2008). Genetics, Pearson (Prentice Hall).
                 4.  Acquaah  G  (2007).  Principles  of  Plant  Genetics  and  Breeding,  Blackwell  Publishing  Ltd.
                    USA.
                 5.  Allard R. W. (1999). Principles of Plant Breeding, John Wiley and Sons.
                 6.  Singh R. J. (2002). Plant Cytogenetics, CRC Press.
                 7.  Hartwell L. H., Hood L., Goldberg M. L., Reynolds A. E., Silver L. M., Veres R. C. (2006).
                    Genetics-From Genes to Genomes, McGraw Hill
                 8.  Lewin B. (2008). Genes IX, Jones and Barlett Publishers.
                   9.  Hartl D. L. and Jones E. W. (2007). Genetics-Analysis of Genes and Genomes, Jones and
                       Barlett publishers.


               Bot.222                   Biochemistry                                                    3+1


               LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

               The primary objective of this course is:
                     To educate student on concepts of proteins, and enzymes
                     To introduce the basic knowledge of cellular metabolism in plants

               LEARNING OUTCOMES:

               This course will enable the students to understand:
                     Students will be taught about proteins, and their biosynthesis,
                     The  course  will  also  teach  about  catalytic  mechanistic  of  enzymes,  its  inhibitors  and
                       regulation
                     The course will strengthen the basic ideas about metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins,
                       and lipids

               THEORY (45 Hours)


               UNIT-I: Elementary Idea of Analytical and Separation Techniques                     (6 Hours)
               Ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, and chromatography

               UNIT-II: Chemical Nature of Protoplasm                                              (6 Hours)
               Chemistry of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
               UNIT-III: Enzymes and Co-Enzymes                                                   (15 Hours)

               Definition, nature, functions; Specificity and classification of enzymes and co-enzymes, enzyme
               action;  high  energy  compound:  phosphagens,  phosphate  bonding,  formation  of  ATP,  energy
               release and oxidation mechanism.




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