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UNIT-V Introduction to molecular biology (9 Hours)

Introduction to DNA and RNA, basic steps in DNA replication, transcription, and translation

SUGGESTED READINGS:

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1. Katoch R. 2017. ―Fundamentals of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology‖. 1 edition,
Kalyani Publishers, India.
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2. Katoch R. 2017. ―Molecular Biology‖. 1 edition, Kalyani Publishers, India.
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3. Katoch R. 2018. ―Macromolecules, Enzymology and Metabolism‖. 1 edition, Kalyani
Publishers, India.
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4. Katoch R. 2019. ―Agricultural Biochemistry‖. 1 edition, Kalyani Publishers, India.
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5. Katoch R.(2019). Principals and techniques in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology: 1
edition. Published by Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CSKHPKV, Palampur.

Bot.324/Zoo.324 Introduction to Biotechnology 2+1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

 Acquaint students to the principles, practices and application of animal biotechnology,
plant tissue culture, genetic transformation and molecular breeding.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

 On completion of this course, students should gain fundamental knowledge in animal and
plant biotechnology and their applications

THEORY (30 Hours)

UNIT – I: (10 Hours)

History and Introduction to Biotechnology; Traditional and Modern Biotechnology, Branches of
Biotechnology- Plant, Animal, Marine, Agriculture, Healthcare, Industrial, Pharmaceutical and
Environmental Biotechnology. Biotechnology Institutions in India (Public and Private Sector)
Biotech success stories, Biotech policy initiatives; Applications of Biotechnology in Agriculture
(GM Food, GM Papaya, GM Tomato, Fungal and Insect Resistant Plants BT Crops, BT Cotton
and BT Brinjal) and other fields; Pros and Cons Biotechnological applications in Crop and
Livestock Improvements (Modifications in Plant Quality Golden Rice, Molecular Pharming, Plant
Based Vaccines; Ethics in Biotechnology and IPR.
UNIT – II: (10 Hours)

Biological molecules: DNA and RNA as Genetic Material; Nucleic acid : Structural aspects –
Components of DNA and RNA, Nucleosides & Nucleotides (introduction, structure & bonding),
Double helical structure of DNA (Watson-Crick model), various forms of DNA; Genes are DNA
– DNA is the genetic material, DNA is a double helix, DNA replication is semi-conservative,
Transcription and RNA Processing in Eukaryotic Cells, Expression of genetic information : from
Transcription to Translation - Genetic code, Decoding the codons : the role of transfer RNAs.

UNIT – III: (10 Hours)
Totipotency; organogenesis; Somatic embryogenesis; establishment of cultures – callus culture,

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