Technology Generated

Significant Research Accomplishments

Crop improvement work on rapeseed- mustard, linseed was mainly carried out at Kangra since 1980 and maize improvement work was started from 1998 after shifting of maize scheme from Salooni in district Chamba. As a result, a number of high yielding and disease resistant varieties with improved production technology have been developed and released for general cultivation in Himachal Pradesh.

Varieties Identified/ released

Crop	Variety	Year of release/develop	Days to maturity	Av. yield (q/ha)
Toria
Toria	Bhawani	1992	75-80	10-11
Gobhi sarson	Sheetal	1994	160-170	16-18
	Neelam	1998/99	150-160	15-16
	ONK-1	2009	160-170	15-16
	GSC-7*	2014	160-170	14-15
	Him Palam Gobhi Sarson-1	2020	160-170	12-14

Brown sarson	KBS-3	1996	150-155	10-11
Brown sarson	HPBS-1	2009	147	11-12
Mustard	Varuna	1980	150-155	12-14
Mustard	RCC-4	1996	150-155	11-14
Karan Rai	JTC-1 (Jayanti)	2005	162-175	10-11
Linseed	Surbhi	1994	165-170	09-10
	Him Alsi-2	2004	185-188	10-11
	Himani	2005	180-185	10-12
	Janaki	1988	175-180	10-11
	Jeevan	1988	175-180	10
	Nagarkot	1994	175-180	14-15
	Him Alsi-1	2005	180-185	08-10
	Binwa	2004	180-185	09
	Baner	2005	185-188	05
	Bhagsu	2008	180-185	4.5-5.0
Sesame	Brajeshwari	2000	180-185	10-12
Maize Composites	Girija	2000	105-110	35-40
Maize Composites	Bajura Makka	2008	95-100	40-45
Maize Hybrids	PMZ-4	2009	100-110	70-75
Maize Hybrids	PSCL4640	2002	95-100	70-75
	Palam Sankar Makka1	2013	85-90	70-80
	Palam Sankar Makka2	2013	90-95	80-90
QPM Maize	HQPM-1	2009	105-110	60-65
Baby Corn	VL-78	2005	50-55	15-18
Pop Corn	Bajura pop corn	2005	90-95	20-25
Sweet Corn	Bajura sweet corn	2009	75-80	30-35

*This is a nutritionally superior canola type variety possessing <2 % erucic acid in its oil, and <30 µ moles of glucosinolates /g in defatted cake with high oleic acid (>60 %) was introduced to low-mid hill area of Himachal Pradesh in 2014

Other technology generated

· Sowing in the first fortnight of October was found best for gobhi sarson, brown sarson and karan sarson whereas second fortnight of October was found most suitable for raya

· Intercropping of short duration crops like radish/peas/toria with gobhi sarson was found to be more productive and remunerative

· Intercropping of wheat & mustard (9:1 row ratio) or their mixed cropping 100 +20 seed proportion was found to be best

· Maize + soybean or maize + cowpea (green manuring) cropping system with recommended fertilizer application not only increased the maize grain yield by 19.6 and 32% but at the same time leaves a residual effect on the succeeding Gobhi sarson crop with yield advantage of 19 and 10.6 per cent, respectively over pure maize cropping system

· Production constraint analysis in major maize growing districts has revealed that improved variety, improved practice and fertilizer application contributed 25.6, 21.7 and 41.3 per cent, respectively, towards yield increase. In Rapeseed-mustard, fertilizer use contributed maximum (55-73%), followed by varieties (28-69%) and plant protection (20-22%). In case of linseed, improved technology can improve yield substantially over farmers’ practice

· Maize-French Bean- Garlic cropping sequence is suitable for organic cultivation

· Maize (Green)- French Bean - Potato can be taken under both integrated and inorganic method of cultivation

· Sweet corn can be taken organically using 5t vermicompost + 20t FYM/ha using spacing of 45 x 20cm

· In Maize-Gobhi sarson, the best integrated nutrient management is 100%NPK+10t FYM in maize - 100% NPK in Gobhi sarson with productivity of 91.8 q /h and BC 1.72%

· Front line demonstrations conducted on maize, rapeseed-mustard and linseed recorded 30-35, 60-75 and 20-30 per cent increase in productivity over farmers’ practices

· In maize productivity the contribution of fertilizer, variety and improved practices is 25.6, 21.7 and 41.3% respectively

· Two sprays of Bavistin 0.1% (Carbendazim 50WP) have been recommended for the chemical control of Cercospora leaf spot in sesame

· Two sprays of Score 0.05% (Difenoconazole 25% EC) or Contaf 0.1% (Hexaconazole 5 EC) were recommended for control of Alternaria blight in rapeseed-mustard

· Two sprays of Indofil M-45 (mancozeb 70 WP) have been recommended for the chemical control of white rust in mustard

· It has been found that diseases in mustard are less severe if the crop is sown in the month of October. Application of K or S (40 kg/ha) and keeping the crop free from weeds resulted in the reduced incidence of Alternaria blight in rapeseed-mustard.

· Rapeseed-mustard genotypes namely JYM-94-5, JYM-10, JMWR-941-1-2, BIOYSR, EC-399301, EC-414291, BIO-467-95, DIR-1003, DIR-1004 and RGN-42 were observed to be highly resistant to white rust and are being used by the breeders in hybridization programme

· Linseed varieties Surbhi, Nagarkot and KL-214 have been found to possess multiple disease resistance against rust wilt and powdery mildew diseases

· Propiconazole 0.1% (Tilt 25 EC) followed by Hexaconazole 0.1% (Contaf 5 EC ) were found most effective for the chemical control of linseed rust and were recommended

· Apron seed treatment (6g/kg seed) + first spray of Ridomil MZ (0.25%) on 80 DAS followed by 2^nd spray of Score(0.05%) on 100 DAS were found effective against Alternaria blight and white rust diseases of mustard

· Insecticides like Cypermethrin (0.01%) against leafminer and mustard aphid and Gaucho @7 grams/kg seed (ST) for saw fly has been recommended

· Efficacy of extracts 189 plants samples collected from different parts of North Western Himalayas have been tested against major diseases and insect-pests of oilseed crops and the extracts of Cnicus wallichii, Eupatorium adenophorum, Ipomea cornea, Eucalyptus citroda, Ficus roxburghii, Agave Americana and Thuja orentalis were found effective