Page 24 - CatalogNEP-PS

 Appreciate the dual nature of light which is part of the electromagnetic spectrum and the
dual nature of matter simultaneously.
 Delve in to the depth of understanding wave optics with its various kinds of interference,
Diffraction and Polarization exhibited by light.
 Demonstrate basic concepts of diffraction: Superposition of wavelets diffracted from
aperture, understand Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction.
 In the laboratory course, students will gain hands-on experience of using various optical
instruments, measurement of resolving power and dispersive power, and making finer
measurements of wavelength of light using Newton‘s rings experiment.
 They will alsofind wavelength of Laser sources by single and double slit experiment,
wavelength and angular spread of He-Ne Laser using plane diffraction grating

THEORY (45 Hours)

UNIT 1 (15 Hours)
Simple harmonic motion: Simple Harmonic Motion Characteristics, graphical representation of
SHM, phase relation between displacement, velocity and acceleration of a particle, executing
SHM, SHM oscillator (mass attached to a spring placed on horizontal frictionless surface). energy
of a simple harmonic oscillator. solution of the differential equation of SHM. Average kinetic
energy, average potential energy and total energy.
Superposition of Two Collinear Harmonic oscillations: Simple harmonic motion (SHM). Linearity
and Superposition Principle. (1) Oscillations having equal frequencies and (2) Oscillations having
different frequencies (Beats). Superposition of Two Perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations:
Graphical and Analytical Methods. Lissajous Figures (1:1 and 1:2) and their uses.
Damped SHM: Damped oscillations. differential equation of motion of one dimensional damped
harmonic mechanical oscillator. Types of damping. damped harmonic electric oscillator.
Determination of the damping constants. Logarithmic decrement. Relaxation time. The quality
factor, power dissipation in a damped harmonic oscillator when damping is weak. Relation
between power dissipation energy and relaxation time of damped harmonic oscillator.

UNIT 2 (15 Hours)
The Forced Oscillator: Transient and steady behaviour of forced oscillator. Displacement and
velocity variation with driving force frequency. Variation of phase with frequency. Powersupplied
to an oscillator and its variation with frequency. Q- value and band width. Q-value asan
amplification factor (Phasor treatment to be followed).
Coupled Oscillators: Stiffness coupled pendulums. Normal co-ordinates and normal modes
ofvibration. Inductance coupling of electrical oscillators.
Wave Motion: The type of waves. The wave equation and its solution. Characteristic impedance
string. Impedance matching. Reflection and transmission of energy. Reflected andtransmitted
energy coefficients. Standing waves on a string of fixed length. Energy of a vibratingstring. Wave
velocity and group velocity.
Sound: Intensity and loudness of sound- Decibels- Intensity levels – musical notes- musical scale.
Acoustics of buildings: Reverberation and time of reverberation-Absorption coefficient-Sabine's
formula- measurementofreverberationtime-Acousticaspectsofhallsandauditoria.

UNIT 3 (15 Hours)
Wave Optics: Electromagnetic nature of light. Definition and Properties of wave front. Huygens
Principle.
Interference: Concept of interference, Coherence, Division of wavefront and division of
amplitude. Young‘s Double Slit experiment. Lloyd‘s Mirror and Fresnel‘s Biprism. Phase change
on reflection: Stokes‘treatment. Interference in Thin Films: parallel and wedge-shaped films.
Fringes of equal inclination (Haidinger Fringes); Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes).

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