Page 22 - CatalogNEP-PS

Concept of Entropy, Entropy changes in Reversible and Irreversible processes with
examples, Clausius Theorem, Second Law of Thermodynamics in terms of Entropy. Temperature-
Entropy diagrams for Carnot‘s cycle and related problems, Entropy of perfect and real gases,
conceptual problems related to Entropy during a Phase Change, Nernst Heat Theorem:
Unattainability of Absolute Zero and Third Law of Thermodynamics.

UNIT 3 (12 Hours)
Thermodynamic Potentials and Maxwell‘s Relations: Basic concept of Thermodynamic
Potentials, Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Helmholtz FreeEnergy, Gibb‘s Free Energy, Magnetic
work, and basic idea about cooling due to adiabaticdemagnetization, Phase Transitions: First order
and Second order Phase Transitions withexamples, ClausiusClapeyron Equation, Ehrenfest
Equations, Derivation of Maxwell‘sThermodynamic Relations and their applications in
ClausiusClapeyron Equation, value of CP
– Cv, TdS equations, Energy equations, evaluation of C P /C vand Ratio of Adiabatic toIsothermal
elasticity.

UNIT 4 (6 Hours)
Kinetic Theory of Gases and Molecular Collisions: Maxwell-Boltzmann law of distribution of
velocities in an ideal gas and its experimental verification with any one method. Mean, Root Mean
Square and Most Probable Speeds, Maxwell-Boltzmann equation for distribution of Energy:
Average Energy and Most Probable Energy, Mean Free Path, Collision Probability, estimation of
Mean Free Path, transport phenomena in ideal gases: viscosity, thermal conductivity and diffusion
with continuity equation
UNIT 5 (5 Hours)

Statistical Mechanics: Macrostate and Microstate, phase space, Entropy and thermodynamic
probability, Maxwell-Boltzmann law, qualitative description of Quantum statistics – Bose
Einstein and Fermi Dirac, comparison of three statistics.

UNIT 6 (4 Hours)
Theory of Radiation: Blackbody radiation, Spectral distribution, Derivation of Planck‘s law,
Deduction of Wien‘s law, Rayleigh-Jeans Law, Stefan Boltzmann Law and Wien‘s displacement
law from Planck‘s law

PRACTICAL(30 Hours)

Every student must perform at least 6 experiments from the following list.
1. To determine Mechanical Equivalent of Heat, J, by Callender and Barne‘s constant flow
method.
2. To determine the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of Cu by Searle‘s Apparatus.
3. To determine the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee
andCharlton‘s disc method using steam or electrical heating.
4. To determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity of Copper (Cu) by Angstrom‘s
method.
5. To determine the Temperature Coefficient of Resistance by Platinum
ResistanceThermometer (PRT) using Carey Foster‘s Bridge.
6. To determine the Temperature Coefficient of Resistance using Platinum Resistance
Thermometer (PRT) by Callender-Griffith Bridge.
7. To study the variation of thermo-e.m.f. of a thermocouple with difference of temperature
of its two junctions using a null method.
8. To calibrate a thermocouple to measure temperature in a specified range by direct method
and/or by using Op Amp and to determine Neutral Temperature.
9. Measurement of Planck‘s constant using black body radiation.

7