Page 17 - CatalogNEP-PS

UNIT2 (12 Hours)

Rotational Dynamics: Angular momentum of a particle and system of particles. Torque. Principle
of conservation of angular momentum. Rotation about a fixed axis. Determination of moment of
inertia of symmetric rigid bodies (rectangular, cylindrical and spherical) using parallel and
perpendicular axes theorems. Kinetic energy of rotation. Motion involving both translation and
rotation.
Non-Inertial Systems: Non-inertial frames and fictitious forces. Uniformly rotating frame.
Centrifugal force. Coriolis force and its applications.

UNIT3 (7 Hours)
Central Force Motion: Central forces, Law of conservation of angular momentum for
central forces, Two-bodyproblem, and its reduction to equivalent one-body problem and its
solution. Concept of effective potential energy and stability of orbits for central potentials of the
form krn for n = 2 and -1 using energy diagram, discussion on trajectories for n=-2. Solution of
the Kepler Problem, Kepler‘s Laws for planetary motion, orbit for artificial satellites
UNIT4 (12 Hours)

Relativity: Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity, Lorentz Transformations, simultaneity,
length contraction, time dilation, proper length and proper time, life time of a relativistic particle
(for example muon decay time and decay length). Space-like, time-like and light-like separated
events, relativistic transformation of velocity and acceleration, variation of mass with velocity,
mass-energy equivalence, transformation of energy and momentum.

PRACTICAL(30 Hours)

Introductory Concepts and related activities (Mandatory)
• Use of Basic Instruments
Determination of least count and use of instruments like meter scale, vernier callipers, screw
gauge and travelling microscope for measuring lengths.
• Errors
(a) Types of errors in measurements (instrumental limitations, systematic errors, and random
errors), accuracy and precision of observations, significant figures.
(b) Introduction to error estimation, propagation of errors and reporting of results along with
uncertainties with correct number of significant figures.
(c) Statistical analysis of random errors, need for making multiple observations, standard error in
the mean as estimate of the error.
• Graph Plotting
Pictorial visualization of relation between two physical quantities, points to be kept in mind while
plotting a graph manually.
• Data Analysis
Principle of least square fitting (LSF) and its application in plotting linear relations, estimation of
LSF values of slope, intercept and uncertainties in slope and intercept.
Mandatory Activities
• Determine the least count of meter scale, vernier callipers, screw gauge and travelling
microscope, use these instruments to measure the length of various objects multiple time, find the
mean and report the result along with the uncertainty up to appropriate number of significant
digits.
• Take multiple observations of the quantities like length, radius etc. for some spherical,
cylindrical and cubic objects, find mean of these observations and use them to determine the
surface area and volume of these objects. Estimate the uncertainties in the outcome using law of
propagation of errors. Report the result to appropriate number of significant figures.

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