Page 88 - CatalogNEP-LS

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Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (Upto 5 Carbons): Alcohols: Preparation: Preparation of 1 , 2 and
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3 alcohols: using Grignard reagent, Ester hydrolysis, Reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic
acid and esters.
Reactions: With sodium, HX (Lucas test), esterification, oxidation (with PCC, alk. KMnO 4, acidic
dichromate, conc. HNO 3). Oppeneauer oxidation. Diols: (Upto 6 Carbons) oxidation of diols.
Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement.
Phenols: (Phenol ) Preparation: Cumene hydroperoxide method, from diazonium salts.
Reactions: Electrophilic substitution: Nitration, halogenation and sulphonation. Reimer-Tiemann
Reaction, Gattermann-Koch Reaction, Houben– Hoesch Condensation, Schotten – Baumann
Reaction.
Ethers (aliphatic and aromatic): Cleavage of ethers with HI.
Aldehydes and ketones (aliphatic and aromatic): (Formaldehye, acetaldehyde, acetone and
benzaldehyde)
Preparation: from acid chlorides and from nitriles.
Reactions – Reaction with HCN, ROH, NaHSO 3, NH 2-G derivatives. Iodoform test. Aldol
Condensation, Cannizzaro‘s reaction, Wittig reaction, Benzoin condensation. Clemensen
reduction and Wolff Kishner reduction. Meerwein-Pondorff Verley reduction.
UNIT-III: (6 Hours)

Functional group approach for the following reactions (preparations & reactions) to be studied in
context to their structure.Carboxylic acids and their derivatives: Carboxylic acids (aliphatic and
aromatic) Preparation: Acidic and Alkaline hydrolysis of esters.Reactions: Hell – Vohlard -
Zelinsky Reaction.
Carboxylic acid derivatives (aliphatic): (Upto 5 carbons):
Preparation: Acid chlorides, Anhydrides, Esters and Amides from acids and their interconversion.
Reactions: Comparative study of nucleophilicity of acyl derivatives. Reformatsky
Reaction, Perkin condensation.
UNIT- IV: (7 Hours)

Amines and Diazonium Salts: Amines (Aliphatic and Aromatic): (Upto 5 carbons)
Preparation: from alkyl halides, Gabriel‘s Phthalimide synthesis, Hofmann
Bromamide reaction.
Reactions: Hofmann vs. Saytzeff elimination, Carbylamine test, Hinsberg test, with
HNO 2,Schotten – Baumann Reaction. Electrophilic substitution (aniline): nitration, bromination,
sulphonation.
Diazonium salts: Preparation: from aromatic amines.
Reactions: conversion to benzene, phenol, dyes.
UNIT-V: (10 Hours)

Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins:
Preparation of Amino Acids: Strecker synthesis using Gabriel‘s phthalimide synthesis. Zwitterion,
Isoelectric point and Electrophoresis.
Reactions of Amino acids: ester of –COOH group, acetylation of –NH 2 group, complexation with
2+
Cu ions, ninhydrin test.
Overview of Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Structure of proteins. Determination of
Primary structure of Peptides by degradation Edmann degradation,
N-terminal and C–terminal (thiohydantoin and with carboxypeptidase enzyme).
Synthesis of simple peptides (upto dipeptides) by N-protection (t-butyloxycarbonyl and phthaloyl)
& C-activating groups and Merrifield solid-phase synthesis.

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