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LEARNING OUTCOMES:

               This course will enable the students to understand:
                     Understand  general  characters  of  Pteridophytes  and  stellar  evolution  among  them,
                       Structure, reproduction, life cycle and systematic position
                     Study and impart knowledge about the occurrence, distribution, structure, and life history
                       of lower plants
                     They will learn phylogeny and evolutionary concepts in lower group of organisms

               THEORY (45 Hours)


               UNIT-I:                                                                             (5 Hours)
               Origin  and  evolution  of  Pteridophytes,  Economic  importance  of  Pteridophytes,  Diversity  and
               distribution of Pteridophytes in India.
               UNIT-II:                                                                           (15 Hours)

               Classification of Pteridophytes with special reference to ferns, Criteria for classification of ferns.
               General  characteristics  of  some  living  fern  families.  A  brief  account  of  generas  of  major  fern
               families  especially  Marattiaceae  (Marattia),  Ophioglossaceae  (Ophioglossum),  Osmundaceae
               (Osmunda),  Dryopteridaceae  (Dryopteris),  Pteridaceae  (Adiantum),  Marsileaceae  (Marsilea),
               Salviniaceae  (Salvinia),  Azollaceae  (Azolla),  Aspleniaceae  (Asplenium)  and  Polypodiaceae
               (Platycerium). Telome theory and evolution of stelar system in Pteridophytes.

               UNIT-III:                                                                          (10 Hours)
               Types,  structure  and  germination  pattern  of  spores  in  Pteridophytes.  Structure,  types  and
               development of fern prothalli. Antheridium-inducing substances in ferns.

               UNIT-IV:                                                                           (15 Hours)
               Apogamy and apospory in pteridophytes (types and inductions), heterospory and its significance.
               Role of ferns in phytoremediation, ferns as hyperaccumulators of arsenic, mechanism of uptake,
               transfer and tolerance. Chromosome numbers and polyploidy in Pteridophytes.


               PRACTICAL(30 Hours)

                   1.  Study of the morphology, anatomy, and reproductive structures of the representatives of
                       the fern families mentioned in the theory part.
                   2.  Taxonomical characters of ferns for generic identification and characterization of families.
                   3.  Studies on the fern spores and their morphology.

               SUGGESTED READINGS:


                   1.  Khullar, S.P. An Illustrated Fern Flora of West Himalayas (Vols. I and 2), International
                       Book Distributors, Dehradun, 2000.
                   2.  Rashid, A. An Introduction to Pteridophyta, Vikas Publishers, New Delhi, 1999.
                   3.  Sporne,  K.R.  The  Morphology  of  Pteridophytes,  B.I.,  Publications,  Bombay,  Delhi,
                       Madras, 1982.










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