Page 84 - CatalogNEP-LS

UNIT – II (6 Hours)

Liquid state
Nature of liquid state, qualitative treatment of the structure of the liquid state
Physical properties of liquids-vapour pressure, its origin and definition, Vapour pressure of liquids
and intermolecular forces, and boiling point
Surface tension, its origin and definition, Capillary action in relation to cohesive and adhesive
forces, determination of surface tension by (i) using stalagmometer (drop number and drop mass
method both) and (ii) capillary rise method, Effects of addition of sodium chloride, ethanol and
detergent on the surface tension of water and its interpretation in terms of molecular interactions,
Role of surface tension in the cleansing action of detergents
Coefficient of viscosity and its origin in liquids, Interpretation of viscosity data of pure liquids
(water, ethanol, ether and glycerol) in the light of molecular interactions, Effects of addition of
sodium chloride, ethanol and polymer on the viscosity of water, relative viscosity, specific
viscosity and reduced viscosity of a solution, comparison of the origin of viscosity of liquids and
gases, effect of temperature on the viscosity of a liquid and its comparison with that of a gas.
UNIT – III (6 Hours)

Solids: Forms of solids. Symmetry elements, unit cells, crystal systems, Bravais lattice types and
identification of lattice planes. Laws of Crystallography- Law of constancy of interfacial angles,
Law of rational indices. Miller indices. X-Ray diffraction by crystals, Bragg‘s law. Structures of
NaCl, KCl and CsCl (qualitative treatment only). Defects in crystals. Glasses and liquid crystals.
UNIT – IV (9 Hours)

Chemical Kinetics: The concept of reaction rates. Effect of temperature, pressure, catalyst and
other factors on reaction rates. Order and molecularity of a reaction. Derivation of integrated rate
equations for zero, first and second order reactions (both for equal and unequal concentrations of
reactants). Half-life of a reaction. General methods for determination of order of a reaction.
Concept of activation energy and its calculation from Arrhenius equation. Theories of Reaction
Rates: Collision theory and Activated Complex theory of bimolecular reactions. Comparison of
the two theories (qualitative treatment only).

PRACTICAL (30 Hours)

1. Surface tension measurements using stalagmometer
a. Determine the surface tension of a liquid by drop number method.
b. Determine the surface tension of a liquid by drop weight method.
2. Viscosity measurement using Ostwald‘s viscometer
a. Determination of co-efficient of viscosity of unknown aqueous solution.
b. Study the variation of viscosity with different concentration of sugar solutions.
c. Study the effect of the addition of solutes such as (i) polymer (ii) ethanol (iii)
sodium chloride on the viscosity of water at room temperature and explain the
observations in terms of molecular interactions
d. Study the variation of viscosity of water with the amounts of a solute and calculate
the intrinsic viscosity at room temperature.
3. Study the kinetics of the following reactions:
a. Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid.
b. Saponification of ethyl acetate.
c. Compare the strengths of HCl / H 2SO 4 by studying kinetics of hydrolysis of methyl
acetate.

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