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LEARNING OUTCOMES:

This course will enable the students to understand:
 The principle of general taxonomy and they can use nomenclature rules of plants.
 Historical development of taxonomy.
 The importance of nomenclature rules in botany.

THEORY (45 Hours)

UNIT –I: Introduction to Systematics (16Hours)

Plant identification, Classification, Nomenclature. Evidences from palynology, cytology,
phytochemistry and molecular data, Functions of Herbarium; Important herbaria and botanical
gardens of the world and India. Angiosperm-origin and evolution some examples of primitive
angiosperms; Angiosperm taxonomy, brief history, aims and functional components (taxonomy,
holotaxonomy,) identification keys, taxonomic literature; botanical nomenclature, principles and
rules, taxonomic ranks (Taxonomic hierarchy), type concept, principle of priority.

UNIT –I I: Classification (8Hours)
Major contributions of Theophrastus, Linnaeus, Hutchinson, Takhtajan; Classification salient
feature of the systems proposed by Bentham and Hooker (upto series) and Engler and Prantl (upto
series)
UNIT –III: Taxonomical Evidences (3 Hours)

Major contribution of cytology, phytochemistry and taximetrics to taxonomy;
UNIT –IV: Diversity ofFlowering Plants (18 Hours)

Study of diversity of flowering plants as illustrated by members of the families- Brassicaceae,
Malvaceae, Rutacae, Fabaceae (Faboideae), Apiaceae, Apocynaceae. Asclepiadaceae, Solanaceae,
Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Poaceae.

PRACTICAL (30 Hours)

1. Morphology of leaf: Leaf attachment, Stipules, Patterns of leaf, Phyllotaxy, Shapes of
leaflamina,bases, margins and tips, Venation.This list is only indicative. Teachers may select
plant available in their locality.
2. Study of inflorescence, flower in the following families: Brassicaceae- Brassica, Alyssum,
Iberis, Coromopus; Malvaceae- Hibiscus, Abutilon; Rutaceae- Murraya, Citrus; Fabaceae-
Lathyrus, Cajanus, Melilotus, Trigonella,Apiaceae-Coriandrum, foeniculum, Anethum
Apocynaceae- Vinca, Thevetia, Neruim; Asclepiadaceae- calotropis; Solanaceae-Solanum,
Whithania, Datura; Lamiaceae-Ocimum, Salvia; Euphorbiaceae-Euphorbia, Phyllanmthus
;andPoaceae-Avena, Triticum, Hordenum, Poa Sorghum

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Simpson, M.G. (2006). Plant Systematics. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, CA,
U.S.A.
2. Singh, G. (2012).Plant Systematics: theory and Practice. Oxford & IBH Pvt. Ltd., New
rd
Delhi. 3 edition.
3. Cronquist A (1981). An integrated system of classification of flowering plants.
ColumbiaUniversity Press.

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