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PRACTICAL (30 Hours)

1. Marchantia- morphology of thallus, w.m. rhizoids and scales, v.s. thallus through
gemmacup,w.m.gemmae(alltemporaryslides),v.s.antheridiophore, archegoniophore, l.s.
sporophyte (all permanent slides).
2. Anthoceros- morphology of thallus, w.m. rhizoids and scales,,v.s.antheridiophore,
archegoniophore, l.s. sporophyte (all permanent slides).
3. Funaria- morphology, w.m. leaf, rhizoids, operculum, peristome, annulus, spores
(temporary slides); permanent slides showing antheridial and archegonial heads, l.s.
capsule andprotonema.
4. Selaginella- morphology, w.m. leaf with ligule, t.s. stem, w.m. strobilus, w.m.
microsporophyll and megasporophyll (temporary slides), l.s. strobilus (permanent slide).
5. Equisetum-morphology,t.s.internode,l.s.strobilus,t.s.strobilus,w.m.sporangiophore, w.m.
spores (wet and dry)(temporary slides); t.s rhizome (permanent slide).
6. Pteris-morphology,t.s.rachis,v.s.sporophyll,w.m.sporangium,w.m.spores (temporary
slides), t.s. rhizome, w.m. prothallus with sex organs and young sporophyte (permanent
slide).

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. Vashishta, P.C., Sinha, A.K., Kumar, A., (2010). Pteridophyta, S. Chand. Delhi, India.
2. Parihar,N.S.(1991). An introduction to Embryophyta. Vol.I. Bryophyta. Central Book Depot,
Allahabad.
3. Bierhorst D.W. (1971). Morphology of vascular plants. Mac Millan Publishers. New York.
4. Cavers, F. (1911). The interrelationship of Bryophytes. New Phytology. Reprint No. 4: 1-
203.

Bot.211 Diversity of Gymnosperms and Angiosperms 3+1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

The primary objective of this course is:
 To learn about their general characters, diversity, and classification.
 Emphasis will be given at their morphology and anatomy.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

This course will enable the students to understand:
 About the morphological and anatomical feature of gymnosperm and Angiosperm.
 Learn about the plant tissues of Angiosperms
Understanding the economic importance of Phanerogams.

THEORY (45 Hours)

UNIT –I: Gymnosperms (20 Hours)
General characteristics, and classification. Classification (upto family), morphology, anatomy, and
reproduction of Cycas Pinus and Gnetum and their comparative study of morphology, anatomy,
gametogenesis and embryology. Ecological and economical importance.
UNIT II: Meristematic and Permanent Tissues (5 Hours)

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