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2. Raghu Ramakrishnan and Johannes Gehrke, ―Database Management Systems‖
McGraw Hill,

Micro.221 Techniques in Microbiology 1+2

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

The primary objective of this course is to introduce:
 Various techniques used for the study of microorganisms.
 The instrumentation methods required for conducting microbiological experiments.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

This course will enable the students to:
 Appreciate the scientific foundation of general microbiology and relate the key learning to
the job of a microbiologist professional.
 Utilise methods and tools for sustainable development of nation through microbiological
interventions.
 Increase the probability of use of different microbial cultures for the benefits society.

THEORY (15 Hours)

UNIT-I (4 Hours)
History and scope of microbiology. Microorganisms and their natural habitats. Emergence and
future of Special Fields of Microbiology.
UNIT-II (5 Hours)

Microscopy; Bright field, Dark field, Phase contrast, Confocal, Fluorescence, TEM,SEM –
Working Principles and applications; Properties of light; Simple staining, differential and special
staining.

UNIT-III (6 Hours)
Bacterial Growth, nutrition, and Culture media; Environmental factors affecting bacterial growth:
physical chemical, temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, light (UV) and bacteriostatic agents.

PRACTICAL (60Hours)

1. Microbiology laboratory rules, tools equipment‘s and other requirements in
microbiology laboratory.
2. Microscopy: Working with microscope.
3. Preparation of Culture media; Isolation and enumeration of microorganisms; Methods
of obtaining Pure culture of microorganisms and their maintenance.
4. Staining methods viz. Simple, Negative, Gram, Spore, Capsule, Flagella, Lactophenol
cotton blue etc.
5. Control of Microorganism: Physical agents/Mechanical agents/Chemical Agents.
6. Biochemical/Molecular characterization of Microorganisms
7. Microbiological application experiments viz. Testing microbiological quality of Milk;
Antibiotic Sensitivity test etc.

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